01 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook pasta according to package directions until al dente. Drain and rinse under cold water to halt cooking and cool completely. Set aside.
02 - If using fresh or thawed frozen corn, heat a large dry skillet over high heat. Spread corn kernels in a single layer and cook without stirring for 2–4 minutes until deeply charred on one side. Stir and char the opposite side for about 2 more minutes. Remove from heat and let cool.
03 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together mayonnaise, sour cream, lime juice, minced garlic, chili powder, smoked paprika, kosher salt, and black pepper until smooth and well combined.
04 - Add the cooled pasta, charred corn, diced red onion, jalapeño, and chopped cilantro to the dressing. Toss gently until all ingredients are evenly coated.
05 - Gently fold the crumbled cotija cheese into the salad, distributing it throughout without breaking it down.
06 - Taste the salad and adjust seasoning as needed with additional salt or lime juice.
07 - Transfer to a serving platter. Top with extra crumbled cotija, fresh cilantro, and a dusting of chili powder or Tajín. Serve immediately or cover and refrigerate for up to 6 hours. Toss gently before serving if chilled.